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1.
Preprint em Espanhol | SciELO Preprints | ID: pps-1865

RESUMO

Objective: correlate between observation of triatomine in intradomicile and housing conditions and ecological environment, as risk estimate of household infestation. Materials and Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study using structured non-random surveys, implemented in 162 homes. The analysis methods included univariate, bivariate, and models of binary logistic regression. Results: the main factors associated with triatomine observation relate to structural materials of housing, access to public services, the presence of palms, and burrowing mammals. Conclusions: the floors of dust and palm roof homes are important in household vectors, while palms and the presence of burrowing mammals suggest triatomine preference towards natural ecotopes in anthropic environments.


Objetivo: correlacionar la observación de triatominos en el intradomicilio y las condiciones habitacionales y ecológicas del entorno, como estimación de riesgo de domiciliación. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo, por medio de encuestas estructuradas no aleatorias, implementadas en 162 viviendas. El análisis incluyó métodos univariados, bivariados y modelos de regresión de logística binaria. Resultados: los principales factores asociados a la observación de triatominos se relacionan con los materiales estructurales de la vivienda, acceso a servicios públicos, presencia de palmas y mamíferos excavadores. Conclusiones: el piso de tierra y el techo de palma en las viviendas son importantes en la domiciliación del vector, mientras que la presencia de palmas y mamíferos excavadores sugieren la preferencia de los triatominos hacia los ecotopos naturales sobre los ambientes antrópicos.

2.
Rev. salud pública ; 22(2): e213, mar.-abr. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1139442

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo Zonificar el riesgo de transmisión de SARS-CoV-2 en Villavicencio, Colombia, mediante una evaluación espacial multicriterio. Materiales y Métodos Se implementó un modelo de evaluación multicriterio, a través de un proceso de análisis jerárquico integrado a un sistema de información geográfica. Como criterios fueron incluidos atributos descriptores de las amenazas y vulnerabilidades de transmisión viral identificados mediante un modelo epidemiológico en una misma escala numérica adimensional y proporcional a la probabilidad de contagio. Las alternativas evaluadas corresponden a entidades espaciales representadas por pixeles. Los criterios fueron ponderados de acuerdo con el juicio experto de los evaluadores, con los cuales se realizó el cálculo de una matriz de prioridades relativas normalizada, que permitió la estimación de un vector de pesos, cuyo grado de inconsistencia fue admisible. La magnitud del riesgo se calculó con una sumatoria ponderada de la valoración de los criterios, de acuerdo con un geoproceso de álgebra de mapas. Resultados La heterogeneidad espacial del riesgo de transmisión de SARS-CoV-2 fue descrita en Villavicencio, lo que permitió identificar las áreas con mayor probabilidad de transmisión localizadas en barrios caracterizados por una alta vulnerabilidad socioeconómica. Conclusiones La representación cartográfica derivada de la implementación de un modelo multicriterio, integrado a un Sistema de Información Geográfica, en el análisis de riesgo de transmisión de SARS-CoV-2 constituye un aporte metodológico relevante para la toma de decisiones que definan estrategias de mitigación a escala local y que faciliten la localización y optimización de recursos por parte de las autoridades sanitarias.(AU)


ABSTRACT Objective To zoning the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Villavicencio, Colombia, through a multi-criteria spatial evaluation. Materials and Methods A multi-criteria evaluation model was implemented, through a hierarchical analysis process, integrated into a Geographic Information System. As criteria, descriptive attributes of the threats and vulnerabilities of viral transmission identified by means of an epidemiological model were included, on the same dimensionless numerical scale and proportional to the probability of contagion; the alternatives evaluated correspond to spatial entities represented by pixels. The criteria were weighted according to the expert judgment of the evaluators, with whom the calculation of a normalized matrix of relative priorities was performed, which allowed the estimation of a vector of weights, the degree of inconsistency of which was admissible. The magnitude of the risk was calculated with a weighted summation of the evaluation of the criteria, according to a map algebra geoprocessing. Results The spatial heterogeneity of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission was described in Villavicencio, allowing the identification of the areas with the highest probability of transmission, located in neighborhoods characterized by high socioeconomic vulnerability. Conclusions The cartographic representation derived from the implementation of a multicriteria model, integrated to a Geographical Information System, in the SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk analysis, constitutes a relevant methodological contribution for decision-making defining strategies of mitigation at the local level, facilitating the location and optimization of resources by the health authorities.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Betacoronavirus , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais/instrumentação , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Mapa de Risco , Análise Espacial , Geografia Médica
3.
Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) ; 22(2): 205-213, 2020 03 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36753112

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To zoning the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Villavicencio, Colombia, through a multi-criteria spatial evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multi-criteria evaluation model was implemented, through a hierarchical analysis process, integrated into a Geographic Information System. As criteria, descriptive attributes of the threats and vulnerabilities of viral transmission identified by means of an epidemiological model were included, on the same dimensionless numerical scale and proportional to the probability of contagion; the alternatives evaluated correspond to spatial entities represented by pixels. The criteria were weighted according to the expert judgment of the evaluators, with whom the calculation of a normalized matrix of relative priorities was performed, which allowed the estimation of a vector of weights, the degree of inconsistency of which was admissible. The magnitude of the risk was calculated with a weighted summation of the evaluation of the criteria, according to a map algebra geoprocessing. RESULTS: The spatial heterogeneity of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission was described in Villavicencio, allowing the identification of the areas with the highest probability of transmission, located in neighborhoods characterized by high socioeconomic vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS: The cartographic representation derived from the implementation of a multicriteria model, integrated to a Geographical Information System, in the SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk analysis, constitutes a relevant methodological contribution for decision-making defining strategies of mitigation at the local level, facilitating the location and optimization of resources by the health authorities.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Cidades
4.
Rev. salud pública ; 21(6): e205, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1280605

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo Correlacionar la observación de triatominos en el intradomicilio y las condiciones habitacionales y ecológicas del entorno como estimación de riesgo de domiciliación. Materiales y Métodos Estudio transversal descriptivo, por medio de encuestas estructuradas no aleatorias, implementadas en 162 viviendas. El análisis incluyó métodos univariados, bivariados y modelos de regresión de logística binaria. Resultados Los principales factores asociados a la observación de triatominos se relacionan con los materiales estructurales de la vivienda, acceso a servicios públicos, presencia de palmas y mamíferos excavadores. Conclusiones El piso de tierra y el techo de palma en las viviendas son importantes en la domiciliación del vector, mientras que la presencia de palmas y mamíferos excavadores sugieren la preferencia de los triatominos hacia los ecotopos naturales sobre los ambientes antrópicos.


ABSTRACT Objective Correlate between observation of triatomine in intradomicile and housing conditions and ecological environment, as risk estimate of household infestation. Materials and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study using structured non-random surveys, implemented in 162 homes. The analysis methods included univariate, bivariate and models of binary logistic regression. Results The main factors associated with triatomine observation relate to structural materials of housing, access to public services, the presence of palms and burrowing mammals. Conclusions The floors of dust and palm roof homes are important in household vector, while palms and the presence of burrowing mammals suggest triatomine preference towards natural ecotopes on anthropic environments.

5.
Salud Colect ; 14(1): 19-32, 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30020357

RESUMO

This paper attempts to zone yellow fever risk in La Macarena (department of Meta, Colombia) in terms of environmental hazards and socio-economic vulnerabilities. An ecological study was carried out, in which data published from 2007 to 2013 on conditions of the municipality were integrated into a geographic information system. Through a superposition of map layers, magnitudes of hazard and vulnerability proportional to the degree of severity were obtained. As a result the spatial heterogeneity of the risk of yellow fever was described, suggesting that the areas surrounding populated centers, roads and rivers present the highest probability of transmission. It is concluded that the cartographic representation of the spatial distribution of risk in the municipality constitutes a methodological contribution to health risk zoning - in concrete geographical areas and based on hazards and vulnerabilities - which facilitates decision-making in public health.


En este trabajo se zonifica el riesgo de fiebre amarilla en La Macarena (departamento del Meta, Colombia), en función de amenazas ambientales y vulnerabilidades socioeconómicas. Se realizó un estudio ecológico en el que se integraron, en un sistema de información geográfica, datos publicados entre 2007 y 2013 sobre las condiciones del municipio. A través de superposición de capas cartográficas se obtuvieron magnitudes de amenaza y vulnerabilidad proporcionales al grado de severidad. Como resultado se describe la heterogeneidad espacial del riesgo de fiebre amarilla, la cual sugiere que las áreas circundantes a centros poblados, vías y ríos presentan la mayor probabilidad de transmisión. Se concluye que la representación cartográfica de la distribución espacial del riesgo en el municipio constituye un aporte metodológico a la zonificación de riesgos en salud, en espacios geográficos concretos y en función de amenazas y vulnerabilidades, lo cual facilita la toma de decisiones en salud pública.


Assuntos
Mapeamento Geográfico , Febre Amarela/epidemiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Humanos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Febre Amarela/etiologia
6.
Salud colect ; 14(1): 19-32, mar. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-962399

RESUMO

RESUMEN En este trabajo se zonifica el riesgo de fiebre amarilla en La Macarena (departamento del Meta, Colombia), en función de amenazas ambientales y vulnerabilidades socioeconómicas. Se realizó un estudio ecológico en el que se integraron, en un sistema de información geográfica, datos publicados entre 2007 y 2013 sobre las condiciones del municipio. A través de superposición de capas cartográficas se obtuvieron magnitudes de amenaza y vulnerabilidad proporcionales al grado de severidad. Como resultado se describe la heterogeneidad espacial del riesgo de fiebre amarilla, la cual sugiere que las áreas circundantes a centros poblados, vías y ríos presentan la mayor probabilidad de transmisión. Se concluye que la representación cartográfica de la distribución espacial del riesgo en el municipio constituye un aporte metodológico a la zonificación de riesgos en salud, en espacios geográficos concretos y en función de amenazas y vulnerabilidades, lo cual facilita la toma de decisiones en salud pública.


ABSTRACT This paper attempts to zone yellow fever risk in La Macarena (department of Meta, Colombia) in terms of environmental hazards and socio-economic vulnerabilities. An ecological study was carried out, in which data published from 2007 to 2013 on conditions of the municipality were integrated into a geographic information system. Through a superposition of map layers, magnitudes of hazard and vulnerability proportional to the degree of severity were obtained. As a result the spatial heterogeneity of the risk of yellow fever was described, suggesting that the areas surrounding populated centers, roads and rivers present the highest probability of transmission. It is concluded that the cartographic representation of the spatial distribution of risk in the municipality constitutes a methodological contribution to health risk zoning - in concrete geographical areas and based on hazards and vulnerabilities - which facilitates decision-making in public health.


Assuntos
Humanos , Febre Amarela/epidemiologia , Mapeamento Geográfico , Febre Amarela/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica
7.
Rev. salud pública ; 16(4): 612-623, jul.-ago. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-735162

RESUMO

Objetivo Caracterizar el uso de la lactancia materna en Puerto Carreño e identificar los factores asociados a brindar leche materna al recién nacido, lactancia exclusiva y lactancia materna total. Métodos Estudio transversal descriptivo por medio de encuestas estructuradas e individuales no aleatorias a 609 madres. El análisis incluyó métodos univariados, bivariados, curvas de supervivencia y modelos de regresión de logística binaria y riesgos proporcionales de Cox. Resultados La duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva y total es superior a los tiempos reportados a nivel nacional y regional en la mayoría de los casos. Los principales factores asociados a la lactancia se relacionan con la ocupación, el entorno familiar, la condición indígena, experiencias maternas anteriores y el acceso a los servicios de salud. Conclusiones La lactancia exclusiva es influida en mayor medida por el oficio de la madre, mientras que la duración total de la lactancia es influenciada por la red de apoyo familiar en el hogar. Los resultados obtenidos son importantes en la planificación de medidas de intervención direccionados a mejorar los hábitos de lactancia en el municipio.(AU)


Objective Characterizing breastfeeding in Puerto Carreño and identifying factors associated with providing breast-milk for the newborn, exclusive breastfeeding and total breastfeeding. Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional study, using structured individual and non-random surveys, involved 609 mothers. The statistical analysis methods included univariate and bivariate analysis, survival curves, binary logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models. Results The duration of total and exclusive breastfeeding was higher than reported times at national and regional level in most cases. The main factors associated with breastfeeding were related to occupation, family background, Indigenous status, previous maternal experience and access to healthcare services. Conclusions Exclusive breastfeeding was influenced more by the mother’s occupation, while the total duration of breastfeeding was influenced by home-based family support network. The results are significant regarding planning intervention measures addressed towards improving breastfeeding habits in the target municipality.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Adulto , Aleitamento Materno/tendências , Modelos Estatísticos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Análise de Sobrevida , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais/instrumentação
8.
Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) ; 16(4): 560-71, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25791307

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Characterizing breastfeeding in Puerto Carreño and identifying factors associated with providing breast-milk for the newborn, exclusive breastfeeding and total breastfeeding. METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study, using structured individual and non-random surveys, involved 609 mothers. The statistical analysis methods included univariate and bivariate analysis, survival curves, binary logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: The duration of total and exclusive breastfeeding was higher than reported times at national and regional level in most cases. The main factors associated with breastfeeding were related to occupation, family background, Indigenous status, previous maternal experience and access to healthcare services. CONCLUSIONS: Exclusive breastfeeding was influenced more by the mother'’s occupation, while the total duration of breastfeeding was influenced by home-based family support network. The results are significant regarding planning intervention measures addressed towards improving breastfeeding habits in the target municipality.


Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Aleitamento Materno/economia , Aleitamento Materno/etnologia , Aleitamento Materno/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Índios Sul-Americanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Modelos Logísticos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Apoio Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto Jovem
9.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 29(6): 416-22, 2011 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21829965

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Design and implement a surveillance method for locating Aedes aegypti infestation foci with the use of larvae traps and spatial interpolation techniques, which facilitate the ongoing estimation of vector abundance in the area by counting the individuals collected in the study area. METHODS: A total of 228 larvae traps were installed--at a rate of one per block--in the most densely populated area of commune five of Villavicencio (Meta). With regionalized information on larvae abundance, spatial interpolations were conducted with the Voronoi polygon, ordinary kriging, and inverse distance weighting techniques. RESULTS: An alternative method for the surveillance of dengue vectors is presented. This method is based on the use of larvae traps and spatial interpolation techniques to obtain area maps supported by specific observations. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that this strategy is better than the indices normally used, since it facilitates continuous visualization of the level of vector infestation and consequently, the risk of dengue transmission, based on the extent of A. aegypti infestation. Implementation of this strategy is expected to contribute to more effective planning, optimization, and evaluation of prevention and control activities.


Assuntos
Aedes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dengue/prevenção & controle , Reservatórios de Doenças , Insetos Vetores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Algoritmos , Animais , Colômbia , Dengue/transmissão , Larva , Mapas como Assunto , Controle de Mosquitos/instrumentação , Risco
10.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 29(6): 416-422, June 2011. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-608272

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Diseñar e implementar una metodología de vigilancia que localice los focos de infestación de Aedes aegypti con el empleo de larvitrampas y técnicas de interpolación espacial, las cuales permiten estimar la abundancia vectorial de forma continua en el espacio a partir del conteo de individuos colectados en el área de estudio. MÉTODOS: Se instalaron 228 larvitrampas -a razón de una por manzana- en la zona más densamente poblada de la comuna cinco de Villavicencio (Meta). Con la información regionalizada de la abundancia de larvas se realizaron interpolaciones espaciales con las técnicas polígonos de Voronoi, Kriging ordinario y ponderación de distancias inversas. RESULTADOS: Se presenta una metodología alternativa para la vigilancia del vector del dengue, basada en el uso de larvitrampas y técnicas de interpolación espacial, con las cuales se obtuvieron mapas de superficie sustentados en observaciones puntuales. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados muestran que esta estrategia aventaja a los índices normalmente usados, dado que permite visualizar de manera continua el nivel de infestación vectorial y por ende el riesgo de transmisión de dengue de acuerdo al grado de infestación por A. aegypti. Es de esperar que su adopción contribuya a planificar, optimizar y evaluar con mayor efectividad las actividades de prevención y control.


OBJECTIVE: Design and implement a surveillance method for locating Aedes aegypti infestation foci with the use of larvae traps and spatial interpolation techniques, which facilitate the ongoing estimation of vector abundance in the area by counting the individuals collected in the study area. METHODs: A total of 228 larvae traps were installed-at a rate of one per block-in the most densely populated area of commune five of Villavicencio (Meta). With regionalized information on larvae abundance, spatial interpolations were conducted with the Voronoi polygon, ordinary kriging, and inverse distance weighting techniques. RESULTS: An alternative method for the surveillance of dengue vectors is presented. This method is based on the use of larvae traps and spatial interpolation techniques to obtain area maps supported by specific observations. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that this strategy is better than the indices normally used, since it facilitates continuous visualization of the level of vector infestation and consequently, the risk of dengue transmission, based on the extent of A. aegypti infestation. Implementation of this strategy is expected to contribute to more effective planning, optimization, and evaluation of prevention and control activities.


Assuntos
Animais , Aedes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dengue/prevenção & controle , Reservatórios de Doenças , Insetos Vetores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Algoritmos , Colômbia , Dengue/transmissão , Larva , Mapas como Assunto , Controle de Mosquitos/instrumentação , Risco
12.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 28(4): 578-586, dic. 2008. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-526119

RESUMO

Introducción. Aedes aegypti es el principal vector del dengue en América. La prevención y control de esta enfermedad requieren de nuevas técnicas de vigilancia para este mosquito. El análisis de la distribución espacial de estas poblaciones puede llegar a jugar un papel importante en la planificación y evaluación de medidas orientadas a la disminución del contactovector-hombre. Objetivo. Analizar y representar gráficamente el patrón de variación espacial del indicador aédico correspondiente al índice de recipientes, definido como el porcentaje de depósitos conagua infestados con larvas de A. aegypti. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron encuestas sobre larvas en la totalidad de las viviendas del barrio La Independencia (Acacías, Meta) en mayo de 2007, con las cuales se calcularon los índices de recipientes en cada manzana. La metodología empleada en el análisis de este indicador correspondió a la estadística espacial, concretamente a la función semivariograma junto con estimaciones kriging. Resultados. El semivariograma experimental obtenido se ajustó al modelo matemático de Gauss, cuya meseta se calculó en 5,1, el rango en 57,1 m y la pepita en 0,09. Se construyó una gráfica bidimensional de la estimación kriging que permitió identificar las manzanas con mayoresíndices de recipientes. Conclusión. El análisis y la representación gráfica de la distribución del índice de recipientes pueden ser útiles en la vigilancia, la toma y la evaluación de acciones contra la infestación de A. aegypti.


Assuntos
Aedes , Vetores de Doenças , Modelos Estatísticos , Mapa de Risco
13.
Biomedica ; 28(4): 578-86, 2008 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19462563

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue in the Americas. The prevention and control of this disease require new monitoring techniques for this mosquito. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal distributions of A. aegypti populations allow the planning and evaluation of measures to decrease the vector-human contact. OBJECTIVE: The spatial variation pattern of the A. aegypti container index (defined as the percentage of artificial containers infested with A. aegypti larva) was analyzed for the purpose of developing a graphical representation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Larval surveys were undertaken in every household of La Independencia neighborhood in May 2007 (Acacias-Meta). Spatial statistics employing the semivariogram function and kriging estimations were applied to these data. RESULTS: The experimental semivariogram output was adjusted to the gaussian mathematical model, whose sill was calculated to be 5.1, the range as 57.1 meters and the nugget as 0.01. A bidimensional graph of the kriging estimation was built, allowing the identification of the urban areas with highest container index. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the container index and distribution map provided a useful tool in monitoring, evaluating and making control decisions concerning A. aegypti infestations.


Assuntos
Aedes , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Insetos Vetores , Animais , Colômbia , Dengue/prevenção & controle , Dengue/transmissão , Reservatórios de Doenças , Humanos , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Vigilância da População/métodos
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